CPCB Guidelines for Sewage Treatment Plants
According to the legal guidelines for Sewage Treatment Plants given by CPCB, different infrastructures like Apartments, Commercial Development Projects, Educational Institutions, Municipalities, and Area Advancement Undertakings meeting specific models need to introduce STPs for the treatment of sewage that they produce, and every sewage treatment plant manufacturers have to follow it.
The guideline rules cover angles in regards to the area of STPs, the STP technology to take on, working as well as its maintenance to guarantee effective and safe activity of the machinery.
The Guidelines given for STPs by CPCB Guidelines for Sewage Treatment Plants are as per the following:
CPCB Guidelines for Sewage Treatment Plants
1. The Technology of STP
The approved STP technologies to go with are-
- Activated Sludge Process (ASP) (just when over 500 KLD sewage is generated).
- Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)
- Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR)
2. Unit Requirements of STP
STPs have different individual units where different sewage treatment processes happen. The units and their criteria according to the guideline’s prerequisite are as per the following.
| SNo. | Unit | Activated Sludge Process (ASP) | Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) | Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) | Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR) |
| 1 | Equalization Tank | Should have a minimum holding period of 8 hours | Same as ASP | Same as ASP | Same as ASP |
| 2 | Anoxic Tank | Return activated sludge should be pumped to anoxic tank for denitrification. | Not Required | Same as ASP | Same as ASP |
| 3 | Aeration Tank | Dissolved Oxygen in an excess of 4 mg/L has to be maintained in the Aeration Tank. | Same as ASP | Same as ASP | Same as ASP |
| 4 | Membrane Tank | Not Required | Not Required | Membranes should be replaced regularly as per its manufacturer’s specifications | Not Required |
| 5 | Sludge Holding Tank | Sludge holding should be madatoriliy provided for holding excess sludge before its dewatering. | Same as ASP | Same as ASP | Same as ASP |
| 6 | Final Treated Water Holding Tank | Capacity of the tank should be enough to hold water for 2 days minimum. | Same as ASP | Same as ASP | Same as ASP |
| 7 | Sludge Drying Bed | Instead of sludge drying bed, horozontal centrifuge system should be used for >500KLD STPs.
For <500 KLD STPs, belt press or screw press system should be used. | Same as ASP | Same as ASP | Same as ASP |
3. Mechanical Equipment Requirement for STP
There should be a clear and simple access to the Bar Screen Chamber and Oil and Grease Chamber of STPs introduced. Likewise, the supplies should to be of the submersible sort with a simple removal/it is expected to destroy choice at whatever maintenance is required.
Air blowers of STP should to have Vibration mounts and acoustic fenced-in areas to diminish noise pollution.
4. Location of STP
STP should to be situated under the driveway, play area, or clubhouses, and distant from the residential housings to not make any subtlety individuals living.
Additionally, STP should not be installed in that basement of any structure or building. Admittance to the STP room should to be from Ground Level or Upper Basement through all around designed walkways or headroom, and not from the lowest basement to stay away from subtleties that might occur because of rain flooding, smell or sound.
5. Treated Sewage Standards
The sewage treated should meet the following standards.
| S NO. | Parameter | Required Standards |
| 1 | pH | 6.5-8.5 |
| 2 | BOD(5th Day) | <10mg/l |
| 3 | COD | <50mg/l |
| 4 | Suspended Solids | <10mg/l |
| 5 | Ammonical Nitrogen | <5mg/l |
| 6 | Total Nitrogen | <5mg/l |
| 7 | Fecal Coliform | <100MPN/100ml |
6. Guidelines for installing sensors
It’s compulsory to introduce sensors for observing sewage parameters like BOD, COD, TSS, stream, and pH.
The CPCB suggested sensor types with their correspondence conventions are as per the following.
| S. No. | Parameter | Measurement Type | Sensor Type | Communication Type |
| 1 | pH | Inline | Ion Selective Glass Electrodes | RS 485 Communication with Modbus |
| 2 | TSS | Inline | Turbidity to TSS correlation with Nephelometric technique | RS 485 Communication with Modbus |
| 3 | BOD | Inline | UV-Vis Spectrophotometry & combustion(Double beam with entire spectrum scanning | RS 485 Communication with Modbus |
| 4 | COD | Inline | UV-Vis Spectrophotometry & combustion(Double beam with entire spectrum scanning | RS 485 Communication with Modbus |
| 5 | Flow | Inline | Electromagnetic Flow Measurement | RS 485 Communication with Modbus |
7. Caution Board at STP
Legitimate preventative billboards should to be displayed and security conventions should to be followed at the STP locations.
“Danger” Sign Sheets should to be introduced at the STP area for the maintenance personals and general public. What’s more “water not well for drinking” should to likewise be featured at the taps conveying sewage water.
8. Use of Treated Sewage
The treated water should to be compulsorily utilized for toilet flushing purposes that should to have a double pipes system.
9. Modular Operations of STPs
Modern activity of STPs suggests that the STP should to be created/developed in smaller units so it tends to be utilized according to the heap or inhabitance of individuals. In huge tasks where a higher limit of STPs required, the inhabitance in the underlying stages can’t meet the functional measures of the STP Plants. Thus, the component should to be viewed as in the plan stage itself.
One comment
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January 16, 2023 at 1:06 am
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