How to lower TSS in wastewater?

Wastewater contains many unwanted materials that must be removed before the water can be reused or released into rivers and lakes. One of the biggest concerns in wastewater treatment is Total Suspended Solids, or TSS. These are tiny particles of dirt, sand, organic matter, food waste, and other solid materials that remain suspended in water. If TSS levels remain high, they can reduce water quality and create problems for industries, municipalities, and the environment. High TSS can also affect the performance of treatment plants and increase operating costs. That is why every treatment facility must focus on reducing suspended solids through the right treatment process.

A well-designed treatment system improves water quality and helps industries meet environmental standards. A trusted wastewater treatment plant manufacturer understands these challenges and provides suitable solutions for different wastewater conditions. We are the leading wastewater treatment plant manufacturer that offers advanced treatment plants for industrial and commercial applications.

Understand the Sources of TSS before Choosing a Treatment Method

Reducing TSS begins with understanding where these suspended solids come from. Every wastewater source is different, and each one contains different types of particles. Industries such as food processing, textile, chemical, paper, and pharmaceutical manufacturing produce wastewater with varying amounts of suspended solids. Domestic wastewater also contains organic particles, soap residue, and other materials that increase TSS levels. When the source of these solids is identified, it becomes much easier to choose the right treatment process.

Let us have a look at some common sources of TSS and how they affect wastewater treatment.

1. Industrial Wastewater

Industrial processes generate wastewater that contains fibers, oils, chemicals, and fine solid particles. These materials remain suspended in water for a long time and increase TSS levels. Different industries produce different types of suspended solids. This is why every treatment system should be designed according to the nature of the wastewater. A proper analysis helps engineers select equipment that removes solids effectively while reducing operational costs.

2. Domestic Wastewater

Domestic wastewater contains food particles, soap residue, paper, fibers, and organic waste. These suspended solids can increase quickly when wastewater flows into treatment plants. If they are not removed at the early stages, they may reduce the efficiency of biological treatment systems. Proper screening and settling processes help lower the solid load before advanced treatment begins. This improves the overall performance of the treatment plant and produces cleaner water.

Use Proper Physical Treatment Processes

Physical treatment is the first and one of the most effective methods for reducing TSS. These processes remove large and small suspended particles before wastewater enters biological or chemical treatment stages. Proper physical treatment protects downstream equipment and reduces maintenance requirements. It also improves treatment efficiency by lowering the amount of suspended solids entering the next stage.

Let us have a look at some important physical treatment methods that help reduce TSS.

1. Screening and Grit Removal

Screening filters out large materials like plastic, leaves, paper, cloth, etc., from wastewater. The wastewater is then directed to grit chambers, where heavier particles, like sand, gravel, and stones, are separated from the water and collect at the bottom. These processes help safeguard the pumps and other equipment. They also help to minimize unnecessary loading of the treatment system, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the entire treatment plant.

2. Sedimentation and Clarification

Wastewater is left settling in sedimentation tanks for a period of time. In this period, heavier suspended particles settle down by their own weight, and purer water flows to the next treatment stage. Clarifiers are used to enhance this process by providing controlled flow conditions. These units can filter out a significant amount of suspended solids without resorting to expensive or complex equipment. Maintenance of sedimentation tanks provides efficient removal of TSS and good plant performance.

Improve TSS Removal with Chemical and Biological Treatment

There are certain suspended particles that are present in water that cannot be removed through physical treatment. They are tiny particles that do not settle out readily. The remaining solids can be removed by chemical and biological treatment methods. The use of these methods will lead to better water quality and make sure that the treated water complies with the discharge requirements. In combination, both treatment methods will provide improved TSS removal and better water clarity.

Let’s take a look at some of the treatment techniques to improve the removal of suspended solids.

1. Coagulation and Flocculation

Coagulation includes chemicals that will attract very small suspended particles. The particles will aggregate into larger masses in the flocculation process. When they are heavier, they have much better settling ability in clarifiers. This process will remove fine suspended solids that are not removed in normal settling. Proper chemical dosage is crucial, since it not only increases treatment efficiency but can also decrease chemical usage.

2. Biological Treatment

Biological treatment involves the use of microorganisms that are beneficial to the environment and will eat the organic matter found in wastewater. In this process, microorganisms aggregate together into biofloc, which can be easily deposited in secondary clarifiers. This not only decreases the amount of organic pollution but also decreases the amount of suspended solids. Proper oxygen levels and operating conditions keep microorganisms alive and active. Good biotreatment also helps to minimize sludge handling issues and improve water quality.

Maintain the Treatment Plant for Long-Term TSS Control

Low levels of TSS do not occur without a treatment plant. Through regular operation and maintenance, each unit can be efficiently operated during the service life. If not properly maintained, very poor treatment efficiency can result, causing an increase in the amount of suspended solids in the treated water. Regularly check and repair equipment before it becomes a problem. Maintaining the plant also lowers operating costs and extends the life of the equipment.

Let’s take a look at some maintenance practices that can assist in long-term TSS reduction.

1. Regular Equipment Inspection

Pumps, screens, blowers, and sludge handling systems should be inspected regularly by the operator. Before worn parts impair plant performance, they should be repaired and/or replaced. Frequent checking allows issues to be identified early and avoids unwanted outages. Evenly maintained equipment helps with the efficiency of each treatment process.

2. Process Monitoring and Sludge Management

Operators can maintain stable plant performance with continuous monitoring of the flow rate, TSS concentration, pH, and other operating parameters. The sludge from clarifiers should also be removed at the proper time, as excess sludge can disrupt settling and cause an increase in suspended solids in the treated water. When sludge is handled properly, it balances the treatment process and enhances overall treatment efficiency. The professional wastewater treatment plant manufacturer also gives technical guidance, which assists plant operators in consistently maintaining water quality over many years.

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Conclusion

Lowering TSS in wastewater requires the right combination of physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods, along with proper plant maintenance. Every wastewater source has different characteristics and needs a suitable treatment solution for the best results. Regular monitoring, proper equipment maintenance, and efficient process control help maintain low suspended solid levels while improving water quality.

Choosing an experienced wastewater treatment plant manufacturer makes the entire treatment process more effective and dependable. Netsol Water is the leading wastewater treatment plant manufacturer that delivers reliable wastewater treatment solutions for different industries. Contact the team today to discuss your treatment requirements and receive expert guidance for selecting the right wastewater treatment plant for your facility.

Contact Netsol Water at:
Phone: +91-9650608473

Email: enquiry@netsolwater.com

Top 10 Tips to Reduce BOD or TSS in Sewage Treatment

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) are two of the most crucial parameters in wastewater treatment (BOD). You may already be aware of the significance of controlling your TSS and BOD for the following key factors:

TSS/BOD levels need to meet state environmental protection laws.
High TSS levels can hurt wildlife badly and make water tasteless or even harmful to human health.
High TSS levels can harm your wastewater equipment and affect its performance.
Aquatic life can be harmed or killed by high BOD.

Fortunately, there are some simple ways to maintain control over your BOD and TSS. The greatest techniques for minimizing BOD and TSS that facility managers should be aware of are as follows:

1. Focusing first on reducing TSS from wastewater.

TSS reductions usually always occur with BOD reductions. To remove large solids, start by using mechanical screens like roto-strainers or bar screens. Also, this will prevent blockage or damage to your downstream DAF (dissolved air flotation) equipment.

2. Obtain an EQ tank that is the right size.

Excessive amounts or underfeeding of flocculants and coagulants can result from changes in flow and loading rates. Your flow and loading rates will be more distributed equally with a properly sized EQ tank. Also, this will aid in the right sizing of the polymer make-down feeder, reducing your startup expenses.

3. Optimize the waste stream’s pH.

There is a certain pH range where effective wastewater treatment chemistry works at its maximum effectiveness. The polymer will be wasted or rendered useless if the pH moves up and down to either side of this window.

4. Add a plastic or stainless steel DAF plate pack that is the latest.

Your TSS removal rates will increase with a current plate pack DAF. Also, it will reduce the DAF’s footprint and give you more flow and load sensitivity latitude.

5. Utilize an air dissolution pump with a regenerative turbine.

An aeration pump with a regenerative turbine consumes minimal electricity to dissolve air in the water and create 20–30–micron air bubbles. They are essential for the effective treatment of DAF.

6. Purchase a DAF that self-cleans.

Around every two weeks, takedown and cleaning are needed for modern high-rate DAFs. Also, forgetting to clean it could result in blockage, issues with solids separation, increased chemical input rates and increased TSS. Choose a DAF that is self-draining and self-cleaning to save yourself a lot of work compared to cleaning it yourself. Cleanout valves or pumps are provided by properly built DAF systems to remove resistant, heavy, settled solids.

7. When possible, use liquid chemistry that has been performance-tested.

Liquid chemistry opens up a huge variety of treatment chemistries, removes wetting difficulties and fish eyes (clumps of undissolved polymer particles), and enables complete automation of the process at a reasonable cost. Also, switching products is considerably simpler than waiting or throwing away a palette of dry bag polymer when a drum or tote runs out.

8. Use a system for flow-proportional dosing and make-down.

You should still utilize a flow proportional dosing system to allow for flow cycling even if your EQ tank is the correct size. A flow metre with a 4-20 ma output signal to the chemical feed system is what you want to find. More consistency, better overall treatment removal, and less chemical use will result from this.

9. Find and test the appropriate chemical injection locations.

The coagulant should ideally be transfused initially, as far upstream as possible. In advance of the transfer pump, here is where the wastewater would exit the EQ tank. Fill a pot on the flocculation tube with the polymer. To determine the coagulant dose for pin floc production, a sample tap needs to be put in front of the polymer injection port. Prior to entering the DAF, a sample port downstream of the polymer injection port analyzes the efficiency of your chemicals. Before the effluent exits the DAF, you can then make modifications.

10. Require DAF equipment of the proper size.

The effects of chemical therapy are limited. Poor TSS removal rates and chemical treatment failure will come from a DAF or chemical feed equipment that is too small. The output and flow rates of organizations are constantly rising, so you need to size your equipment with future increases in mind. Many of these problems are the consequence of a breakdown in the operation or maintenance of the DAF equipment, not the chemical program.

Netsol Water is Greater Noida-based leading water & wastewater treatment plant manufacturer. We are the industry’s most demanding company based on client review and work quality. We are known as the best commercial RO plant manufacturers, industrial RO plant manufacturers, sewage treatment plant manufacturers, Water Softener Plant Manufacturers, and effluent treatment plant manufacturers. Apart from this 24×7 customer support is our USP. Call on +91-9650608473, or write us at enquiry@netsolwater.com for any support, inquiry, or product-purchase-related query.

CPCB_Guidelines_for_Common_Effluent_Treatment_Plants.jpg

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Environmental Change has advised the updated CPCB Guidelines for Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) working at different industrial clusters in the country. The primary point of the revised standards is to minimize water contamination. These standards were finalized after extensive consultations with industries and different partners and detailed deliberations with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The changed norms were notified on January 1, 2016. The changed norms will help fundamentally work on the performance of CETPs through the implementation of design inlet quality, resolving the issues of coastal pollution because of industrial discharges, and keeping a close watch on the effect of the release of industrial effluent on soil and groundwater quality.

The Guidelines given for CETP by CPCB Guidelines for Common Effluent Treatment Plants are as per the following:

CPCB Guidelines for Common Effluent Treatment Plants

1- The Centre has advised the revised standards for Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) working at different industrial groups in the country with an aim to minimize water contamination.

2- The Environment Ministry notified the norms which were concluded after broad counsel with industries and other partners and point-by-point thoughts with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

3- “The Environment Ministry has notified the revised standards for Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) working at different industrial groups in the country. The primary point of the revised standards is to minimize water contamination,” an official statement said today, adding that the revised standards were notified on January 1.

4- The revised standards will help in essentially working on the performance of CETPs through the implementation of design inlet quality, addressing the issues of coastal contamination because of industrial discharges.

5- It will also help in further improving the CETP’s performance by close watch on the effect of the discharge of industrial effluent on soil and groundwater quality.

6- Under the revised standards, an provision of soil and groundwater quality checking two times per year (pre-and post-monsoon) has been introduced.

7- This has been introduced with a concentrate on the effect of removal of treated effluent on land, in case of the method of removal is ‘on land for irrigation’ and the monitoring will be done by the separate CETP management.

8- “The method of ‘Discharge into the ocean’ (marine outfalls) giving extremely high dilution will qualify all requirements for a relaxed maximum permissible concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

9- “The maximum permissible concentration of Fixed Dissolved Solids (FDS) by constituent units to CETP has been determined as far as maximum admissible contribution value,” the statement added.

10- Status report by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) consistent with the National Green Court order May 21, 2020, in Original Application No. 593/2017 (Paryavaran Suraksha Samiti and Others Vs Union of India and Others) with Original Application No. 148/2016 (Mahesh Chandra Saxena Vs South Delhi Municipal Corporation and Others).

11- The report of September 16, 2020, contained the state-wise consistency status of all industries generating trade effluent and requiring effluent treatment plants (ETP) – as reported by the state pollution control board (SPCB)/pollution control committee (PCC). According to the information got from SPCBs/PCCs:

Out of a total 64,484 number of industries requiring ETPs, 62,653 industries are working with functional ETPs and 1,831 industries are working without ETPs.
61,530 industries are complying with environmental norms and 1,123 industries are noncomplying.
There are a complete 191 CETPs, out of which 129 CETPs are agreeing with environmental standards and 62 CETPs are non-complying.
There is a total of 15,730 STPs (including municipal and other than municipal (non-municipal/independent) STPs), out of which, 15,200 STPs are agreeing with environmental guidelines and 530 STPs are non-complying.
There are 84 CETPs in the construction/proposal stage, whereas, for STPs, 1,081 tasks (municipal and non-municipal) are under the construction/proposal stage.

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The report also contained an assessment of the effect of the lockdown on the water quality of major rivers. During the pre-lockdown period (March 2020), SPCBs gathered samples from 388 locations through 366 samples from the checking locations during lockdown (April 2020) from 19 major rivers, and collected samples were analyzed for Primary Water Quality Measures for Washing Water Quality Standards notified under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.

CPCB Common Effluent Treatment Plant

According to the legal guidelines for Sewage Treatment Plants given by CPCB, different infrastructures like Apartments, Commercial Development Projects, Educational Institutions, Municipalities, and Area Advancement Undertakings meeting specific models need to introduce STPs for the treatment of sewage that they produce, and every sewage treatment plant manufacturer have to follow it.

The guideline rules cover angles in regards to the area of STPs, the STP technology to take on, working as well as its maintenance to guarantee effective and safe activity of the machinery.

The Guidelines given for STPs by CPCB Guidelines for Sewage Treatment Plants are as per the following:

CPCB Guidelines for Sewage Treatment Plants

1. The Technology of STP

The approved STP technologies to go with are-

Activated Sludge Process (ASP) (just when over 500 KLD sewage is generated).
Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)
Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR)

2. Unit Requirements of STP

STPs have different individual units where different sewage treatment processes happen. The units and their criteria according to the guideline’s prerequisite are as per the following.

SNo.	Unit	Activated Sludge Process (ASP)	Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)	Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)	Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR)
1	Equalization Tank	Should have a minimum holding period of 8 hours	Same as ASP	Same as ASP	Same as ASP
2	Anoxic Tank	Return activated sludge should be pumped to anoxic tank for denitrification.	Not Required	Same as ASP	Same as ASP
3	Aeration Tank	Dissolved Oxygen in an excess of 4 mg/L has to be maintained in the Aeration Tank.	Same as ASP	Same as ASP	Same as ASP
4	Membrane Tank	Not Required	Not Required	Membranes should be replaced regularly as per its manufacturer’s specifications	Not Required
5	Sludge Holding Tank	Sludge holding should be madatoriliy provided for holding excess sludge before its dewatering.	Same as ASP	Same as ASP	Same as ASP
6	Final Treated Water Holding Tank	Capacity of the tank should be enough to hold water for 2 days minimum.	Same as ASP	Same as ASP	Same as ASP
7	Sludge Drying Bed	Instead of sludge drying bed, horozontal centrifuge system should be used for >500KLD STPs. For <500 KLD STPs, belt press or screw press system should be used.	Same as ASP	Same as ASP	Same as ASP

3. Mechanical Equipment Requirement for STP

There should be a clear and simple access to the Bar Screen Chamber and Oil and Grease Chamber of STPs introduced. Likewise, the supplies should to be of the submersible sort with a simple removal/it is expected to destroy choice at whatever maintenance is required.

Air blowers of STP should to have Vibration mounts and acoustic fenced-in areas to diminish noise pollution.

4. Location of STP

STP should to be situated under the driveway, play area, or clubhouses, and distant from the residential housings to not make any subtlety individuals living.

Additionally, STP should not be installed in that basement of any structure or building. Admittance to the STP room should to be from Ground Level or Upper Basement through all around designed walkways or headroom, and not from the lowest basement to stay away from subtleties that might occur because of rain flooding, smell or sound.

5. Treated Sewage Standards

The sewage treated should meet the following standards.

S NO.	Parameter	Required Standards
1	pH	6.5-8.5
2	BOD(5^th Day)	<10mg/l
3	COD	<50mg/l
4	Suspended Solids	<10mg/l
5	Ammonical Nitrogen	<5mg/l
6	Total Nitrogen	<5mg/l
7	Fecal Coliform	<100MPN/100ml

6. Guidelines for installing sensors

It’s compulsory to introduce sensors for observing sewage parameters like BOD, COD, TSS, stream, and pH.

The CPCB suggested sensor types with their correspondence conventions are as per the following.

S. No.	Parameter	Measurement Type	Sensor Type	Communication Type
1	pH	Inline	Ion Selective Glass Electrodes	RS 485 Communication with Modbus
2	TSS	Inline	Turbidity to TSS correlation with Nephelometric technique	RS 485 Communication with Modbus
3	BOD	Inline	UV-Vis Spectrophotometry & combustion(Double beam with entire spectrum scanning	RS 485 Communication with Modbus
4	COD	Inline	UV-Vis Spectrophotometry & combustion(Double beam with entire spectrum scanning	RS 485 Communication with Modbus
5	Flow	Inline	Electromagnetic Flow Measurement	RS 485 Communication with Modbus

7. Caution Board at STP

Legitimate preventative billboards should to be displayed and security conventions should to be followed at the STP locations.

“Danger” Sign Sheets should to be introduced at the STP area for the maintenance personals and general public. What’s more “water not well for drinking” should to likewise be featured at the taps conveying sewage water.

8. Use of Treated Sewage

The treated water should to be compulsorily utilized for toilet flushing purposes that should to have a double pipes system.

9. Modular Operations of STPs

Modern activity of STPs suggests that the STP should to be created/developed in smaller units so it tends to be utilized according to the heap or inhabitance of individuals. In huge tasks where a higher limit of STPs required, the inhabitance in the underlying stages can’t meet the functional measures of the STP Plants. Thus, the component should to be viewed as in the plan stage itself.

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TSS - Sewage Treatment Plant Manufacturers