January 9, 2023

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The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Environmental Change has advised the updated CPCB Guidelines for Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) working at different industrial clusters in the country. The primary point of the revised standards is to minimize water contamination. These standards were finalized after extensive consultations with industries and different partners and detailed deliberations with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The changed norms were notified on January 1, 2016. The changed norms will help fundamentally work on the performance of CETPs through the implementation of design inlet quality, resolving the issues of coastal pollution because of industrial discharges, and keeping a close watch on the effect of the release of industrial effluent on soil and groundwater quality.

The Guidelines given for CETP by CPCB Guidelines for Common Effluent Treatment Plants are as per the following:

CPCB Guidelines for Common Effluent Treatment Plants

1- The Centre has advised the revised standards for Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) working at different industrial groups in the country with an aim to minimize water contamination.

2- The Environment Ministry notified the norms which were concluded after broad counsel with industries and other partners and point-by-point thoughts with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

3- “The Environment Ministry has notified the revised standards for Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) working at different industrial groups in the country. The primary point of the revised standards is to minimize water contamination,” an official statement said today, adding that the revised standards were notified on January 1.

4- The revised standards will help in essentially working on the performance of CETPs through the implementation of design inlet quality, addressing the issues of coastal contamination because of industrial discharges.

5- It will also help in further improving the CETP’s performance by close watch on the effect of the discharge of industrial effluent on soil and groundwater quality.

6- Under the revised standards, an provision of soil and groundwater quality checking two times per year (pre-and post-monsoon) has been introduced.

7- This has been introduced with a concentrate on the effect of removal of treated effluent on land, in case of the method of removal is ‘on land for irrigation’ and the monitoring will be done by the separate CETP management.

8- “The method of ‘Discharge into the ocean’ (marine outfalls) giving extremely high dilution will qualify all requirements for a relaxed maximum permissible concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

9- “The maximum permissible concentration of Fixed Dissolved Solids (FDS) by constituent units to CETP has been determined as far as maximum admissible contribution value,” the statement added.

10- Status report by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) consistent with the National Green Court order May 21, 2020, in Original Application No. 593/2017 (Paryavaran Suraksha Samiti and Others Vs Union of India and Others) with Original Application No. 148/2016 (Mahesh Chandra Saxena Vs South Delhi Municipal Corporation and Others).

11- The report of September 16, 2020, contained the state-wise consistency status of all industries generating trade effluent and requiring effluent treatment plants (ETP) – as reported by the state pollution control board (SPCB)/pollution control committee (PCC). According to the information got from SPCBs/PCCs:

Out of a total 64,484 number of industries requiring ETPs, 62,653 industries are working with functional ETPs and 1,831 industries are working without ETPs.
61,530 industries are complying with environmental norms and 1,123 industries are noncomplying.
There are a complete 191 CETPs, out of which 129 CETPs are agreeing with environmental standards and 62 CETPs are non-complying.
There is a total of 15,730 STPs (including municipal and other than municipal (non-municipal/independent) STPs), out of which, 15,200 STPs are agreeing with environmental guidelines and 530 STPs are non-complying.
There are 84 CETPs in the construction/proposal stage, whereas, for STPs, 1,081 tasks (municipal and non-municipal) are under the construction/proposal stage.

The report also contained an assessment of the effect of the lockdown on the water quality of major rivers. During the pre-lockdown period (March 2020), SPCBs gathered samples from 388 locations through 366 samples from the checking locations during lockdown (April 2020) from 19 major rivers, and collected samples were analyzed for Primary Water Quality Measures for Washing Water Quality Standards notified under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.

CPCB Common Effluent Treatment Plant

by Netsol Water

January 6, 2023

According to the legal guidelines for Sewage Treatment Plants given by CPCB, different infrastructures like Apartments, Commercial Development Projects, Educational Institutions, Municipalities, and Area Advancement Undertakings meeting specific models need to introduce STPs for the treatment of sewage that they produce, and every sewage treatment plant manufacturers have to follow it.

The guideline rules cover angles in regards to the area of STPs, the STP technology to take on, working as well as its maintenance to guarantee effective and safe activity of the machinery.

The Guidelines given for STPs by CPCB Guidelines for Sewage Treatment Plants are as per the following:

CPCB Guidelines for Sewage Treatment Plants

1. The Technology of STP

The approved STP technologies to go with are-

Activated Sludge Process (ASP) (just when over 500 KLD sewage is generated).
Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)
Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR)

2. Unit Requirements of STP

STPs have different individual units where different sewage treatment processes happen. The units and their criteria according to the guideline’s prerequisite are as per the following.

SNo.	Unit	Activated Sludge Process (ASP)	Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)	Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)	Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR)
1	Equalization Tank	Should have a minimum holding period of 8 hours	Same as ASP	Same as ASP	Same as ASP
2	Anoxic Tank	Return activated sludge should be pumped to anoxic tank for denitrification.	Not Required	Same as ASP	Same as ASP
3	Aeration Tank	Dissolved Oxygen in an excess of 4 mg/L has to be maintained in the Aeration Tank.	Same as ASP	Same as ASP	Same as ASP
4	Membrane Tank	Not Required	Not Required	Membranes should be replaced regularly as per its manufacturer’s specifications	Not Required
5	Sludge Holding Tank	Sludge holding should be madatoriliy provided for holding excess sludge before its dewatering.	Same as ASP	Same as ASP	Same as ASP
6	Final Treated Water Holding Tank	Capacity of the tank should be enough to hold water for 2 days minimum.	Same as ASP	Same as ASP	Same as ASP
7	Sludge Drying Bed	Instead of sludge drying bed, horozontal centrifuge system should be used for >500KLD STPs. For <500 KLD STPs, belt press or screw press system should be used.	Same as ASP	Same as ASP	Same as ASP

3. Mechanical Equipment Requirement for STP

There should be a clear and simple access to the Bar Screen Chamber and Oil and Grease Chamber of STPs introduced. Likewise, the supplies should to be of the submersible sort with a simple removal/it is expected to destroy choice at whatever maintenance is required.

Air blowers of STP should to have Vibration mounts and acoustic fenced-in areas to diminish noise pollution.

4. Location of STP

STP should to be situated under the driveway, play area, or clubhouses, and distant from the residential housings to not make any subtlety individuals living.

Additionally, STP should not be installed in that basement of any structure or building. Admittance to the STP room should to be from Ground Level or Upper Basement through all around designed walkways or headroom, and not from the lowest basement to stay away from subtleties that might occur because of rain flooding, smell or sound.

5. Treated Sewage Standards

The sewage treated should meet the following standards.

S NO.	Parameter	Required Standards
1	pH	6.5-8.5
2	BOD(5^th Day)	<10mg/l
3	COD	<50mg/l
4	Suspended Solids	<10mg/l
5	Ammonical Nitrogen	<5mg/l
6	Total Nitrogen	<5mg/l
7	Fecal Coliform	<100MPN/100ml

6. Guidelines for installing sensors

It’s compulsory to introduce sensors for observing sewage parameters like BOD, COD, TSS, stream, and pH.

The CPCB suggested sensor types with their correspondence conventions are as per the following.

S. No.	Parameter	Measurement Type	Sensor Type	Communication Type
1	pH	Inline	Ion Selective Glass Electrodes	RS 485 Communication with Modbus
2	TSS	Inline	Turbidity to TSS correlation with Nephelometric technique	RS 485 Communication with Modbus
3	BOD	Inline	UV-Vis Spectrophotometry & combustion(Double beam with entire spectrum scanning	RS 485 Communication with Modbus
4	COD	Inline	UV-Vis Spectrophotometry & combustion(Double beam with entire spectrum scanning	RS 485 Communication with Modbus
5	Flow	Inline	Electromagnetic Flow Measurement	RS 485 Communication with Modbus

7. Caution Board at STP

Legitimate preventative billboards should to be displayed and security conventions should to be followed at the STP locations.

“Danger” Sign Sheets should to be introduced at the STP area for the maintenance personals and general public. What’s more “water not well for drinking” should to likewise be featured at the taps conveying sewage water.

8. Use of Treated Sewage

The treated water should to be compulsorily utilized for toilet flushing purposes that should to have a double pipes system.

9. Modular Operations of STPs

Modern activity of STPs suggests that the STP should to be created/developed in smaller units so it tends to be utilized according to the heap or inhabitance of individuals. In huge tasks where a higher limit of STPs required, the inhabitance in the underlying stages can’t meet the functional measures of the STP Plants. Thus, the component should to be viewed as in the plan stage itself.

by Netsol Water

September 2, 2022

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Untreated wastewater shouldn’t accumulate in any way. It consists of perished organic matter. However, these accouterments can produce a huge amount of foul-smelling gases that can be poisonous to the terrain, If kept for a while. Besides this, it also contains other poisonous composites that can be dangerous if exposed to the terrain for a long. thus, it’s important to remove wastewater from its source and clean it. also, due to the failure of water, exercise is an excellent option. Do you know Which is most Commonly Used Sewage Treatment Plant in India?
With time, MBBR technology become the most Commonly Used Sewage Treatment Plant in India, has come to an established process for wastewater treatment due to the advanced and innovative technology it uses and the cost of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor which has reduced drastically down as compared to the other technology. As per the combined query of Quality, Technology, and Cost, MBBR is one of the most considered sewage treatment plants in India.

MBBR Sewage Treatment Plant

The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor( MBBR) wastewater treatment process was first constructed in the late 1980s.
The MBBR process has an aeration tank with plastic transporters filled with wastewater. This gives way to the growth of biofilm. The viscosity of these carriers and water is the same. generally, activated sludge systems bear recycling of the sludge, which isn’t the case in the MBBR process.
It’s considered to be a better option as compared to other conventional styles.

Benefits of MBBR Sewage Treatment Plant

Complete solid junking
Smaller units require lower space
Increased process stability
Increased treatment volume
Periodic backwashing isn’t required
Sludge product is dropped
Advanced settling characteristics
Accessible to use
Reliable and effective
Cost-effective

Working of Sewage Treatment Plant

Wastewater Plant (STP Plant) is treated in 3 phases primary( solid removal), secondary( bacterial decomposition), and tertiary( extra filtration).

Common Key Terms in wastewater/ sewage treatment

Primary Treatment is the first phase of sewage treatment wastewater is placed in a holding tank and solids settle to the bottom where they’re collected and lighter substances like fats and oils are scraped off the top.
Secondary Treatment is where waste is broken down by aerobic bacteria incorporated into the wastewater treatment system.
Tertiary Treatment is designed to filter out nutrients and waste particles that might damage sensitive ecosystems; wastewater is passed through fresh filtering lagoons or tanks to remove redundant nutrients.
Effluent Sewage water that has been incompletely treated and is released into a natural body of water; an inflow of any liquid waste.

Sewage is generated by domestic and industrial establishments. It includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, cesspools, and so forth that’s disposed of via seamstress. In numerous areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from assiduity and commerce. The separation and draining of ménage waste into greywater and blackwater are getting more common in the advanced world. Greywater is water generated from domestic conditioning similar to laundry, dishwashing, and bathing, and can be reused more readily. Blackwater comes from toilets and contains mortal waste.

Sewage treatment is done in three stages primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.

Primary Treatment
In the primary treatment of STP Plants, sewage is stored in a basin where solids( sludge) can settle to the bottom and oil painting and lighter substances can rise to the top. These layers are also removed and also the remaining liquid can be transferred to secondary treatment. Sewage sludge is treated in a separate process called sludge digestion.
Secondary Treatment
Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter, frequently using microorganisms in a controlled terrain. utmost secondary treatment systems use aerobic bacteria, which consume the organic factors of the sewage( sugar, fat, and so on). Some systems use fixed film systems, where the bacteria grow on pollutants, and the water passes through them. Suspended growth systems use “ actuated ” sludge, where putrefying bacteria are mixed directly into the sewage. Because oxygen is critical to bacterial growth, sewage is frequently mixed with air for grease decomposition.
Tertiary Treatment
Tertiary treatment( occasionally called “ effluent polishing ”) is used to further clean water when it’s being discharged into a sensitive ecosystem. Several styles can be used to further disinfect sewage beyond primary and secondary treatment. Beach filtration, where water is passed through a beach sludge, can be used to remove particulate matter.

Wastewater may still have high situations of nutrients similar to nitrogen and phosphorus. These can disrupt the nutrient balance of submarine ecosystems and beget algae blooms and inordinate weed growth. Phosphorus can be removed biologically in a process called enhanced natural phosphorus junking.

In this process, specific bacteria, called polyphosphate accumulate organisms that store phosphate in their tissue. When the biomass accumulated in these bacteria is separated from the treated water, these biosolids have a high toxin value. Nitrogen can also be removed using nitrifying bacteria. Lagoon is another system for removing nutrients and waste from sewage. Water is stored in a lagoon and native plants, bacteria, algae, and small zooplankton sludge nutrients and small particles from the water.

Sludge Digestion

Sewage sludge scraped off the bottom of the settling tank during primary treatment is treated independently from wastewater. Sludge can be disposed of in several ways. First, it can be digested using bacteria; bacterial digestion can occasionally produce methane biogas, which can be used to induce electricity. Sludge can also be incinerated, condensed, hatted to disinfect it, and reused as a toxin.

Now you will get all the details of the commonly used sewage treatment plant in India. You can ask any question if you have any.

If you are looking for a leading sewage treatment plant manufacturer company, call +91-9650608473, Netsol Water. One of the leading STP Machine manufacturers, Effluent treatment plant manufacturers, and Industrial/commercial RO plant manufacturers based in Greater Noida, UP, India.

by Netsol Water

May 13, 2021

Are you or your organization is planning for STP Plant, and stuck with the best technology of sewage treatment plant. No worries!! You are in right place, in this article we are going to discuss the best technology of STP its advantages, and every minor to major information that you want to know before buying a Wastewater treatment plant.

In recent times there is a number of new waste and wastewater treatment technology that have come into practice. The following are some better known and best Sewage Treatment Plant Technology–

Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR)

MBR is the best technology of STP, wherein water treated by biological process. After the biological process treated water passed through Membrane Bio-Reactor Module.

Advantages of Membrane Bio-Reactor

High-quality effluent for reuse without separate nutrient removal and fine filtration
A compact system reduces plant footprint by 25-40% compared to a conventional STP.
These membranes are stated to be durable to ensure reliability and long membrane life, and low membrane replacement frequency.
The modular system is expandable
Higher stability to organic shocks /upsets due to higher MLSS concentration.
The process operates under low suction, the ideal filtration method for small to large-scale membrane facilities, hence low power consumption.
An automated system makes the process operations easier to operate.

Disadvantages of Membrane Bio-Reactor

Each vendor advocates his own criteria for the membranes and their types which makes it difficult to bring about common and validated design criteria.
It is not possible to cannibalize the system between different manufacturers.
High reliance on energy input in the absence of biomethanation.
Patented process technology and decanters defying local cannibalization.
Detailed evaluation of existing plants required either by IITs, CPCB, or NEERI.

Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR) / Fluidized Aerobic Bioreactor (FAB)

MBBR can also be considered as the optimum technology to treat wastewater, as the cost of MBBR is cheaper and consumable cost is economic in comparison to MBR Technology.

Advantages of MBBR

There are no limitations of height as long as compressors can be suitably used
Circular structures can be used to economize on construction costs & time
The structures can be easily covered for indoor air quality when needed.
Requires lower footprints compared to conventional activated sludge.
Easy to operate and maintain

Disadvantages of MBBR

The area per unit volume of the media offered by various vendors are different and also each vendor advocates his own criteria for the relative ratio of the volume of media to volume of aeration tank, which makes it difficult to bring about common and validated standard design criteria. The quality of plastic media varies.
The verification of whether the media is moving about the entire volume of the tank or merely clumping at the top layers and if so the method of mixing it up through the tank volume without shearing of the biomass on it are issues of infirmity and which may need gentle movers of the media through the volume of the tank.
Furthermore, the media is a patented product.
Higher energy input if used without biomethanation

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

SBR Does not require separate secondary clarifiers and major return sludge pumping stations, good use of common walls, Simple Square, rectangular or circular structures, can reduce the footprint compared to 5 conventional activated sludge processes.

Advantages of Sequencing Batch Reactor

Can remove N and P concurrent with BOD
Absence of odor and corrosive gases
Improved aesthetics
Capability to manage and treat variable loading conditions; such as normal, diurnal, dilute monsoon and shock loads.
Less manpower due to automatic control and easy to operate and to maintain.
High-quality effluent for reuse without separate nutrient removal and fine filtration.
Can be expanded as a modular system.
Can also be used with primary clarifiers and conventional F/M ratio for bio-methanation and energy recovery.
The system can generate a stabilized sludge.

Disadvantages of Sequencing Batch Reactor

No provision for sludge management
No provision of primary treatment to moderate pollution load variations
Higher energy input if used without bio-methanation
Requires at least semi-skilled manpower
Patented process technology and decanters defying local cannibalization

Why Choose MBR Technology to Optimize Your Sewage Treatment Process

One of the easiest and most effective ways to optimize existing biological systems is integrating a moving bed reactor process (MBR). These systems take aspects of two other treatment systems to utilize their advantages without their disadvantages.
This technology does not require recirculation lines.
This is one of the benefits of MBR fixed film systems. Recirculation requires extra piping and additional pumps and energy, therefore, there are no extra costs associated with these additional recirculation processes.
Processes that require recirculation also typically produce more sludge in the clarifying step, more sludge that will need to be disposed of. This also means that the overall efficiency of the reactor is not dependent on how well the effluent settles. There is also the possibility of improving the efficiency of sludge recycling processes.
MBR systems improve the characteristics of sludge settling in the clarifier and the sludge settles better as well.
The moving bed technology also has improved retention times when compared to other biological sewage treatment processes.

Now reading this blog you will get an idea that which technology of sewage treatment plant is the best fit for your requirement.

If you are going with the author of this blog Netsol Water Solutions, MBR is the best Sewage Treatment Plant Technology. Netsol is India’s biggest Sewage Treatment Plant Manufacturer, Effluent Treatment Plant Manufacturer, Commercial RO Plant, and Industrial RO Plant in Noida – Delhi. We have our own manufacturing unit in Greater Noida. Call or Whatsapp on 9650608473 for more details.

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